Frequently Asked Questions / "How Do I...?"

Text

How do I style text? How do I make some words bold, italic, colorful, etc?

Yarn Spinner doesn't do text rendering, you have to use existing Unity systems like TextMeshPro. Fortunately, TMP supports HTML-like rich text tags. See the TextMeshPro: Rich Text docs.

Alice: This text is <b>bold!</b>
Bob: This text is <color=red>red!</color>

// NOTE: '#' is a special character in Yarn, used for line tags.
// To use a HTML color hex code, you must "escape" the "#" character with a "\"
Carol: Wow I'm <color=\#ff00ff>purple</color>!

However, this bespoke approach is impractical for longer scripts or bigger projects. We recommend using TextMeshPro's Style Sheets, which make it much easier to write consistently styled text. See the TextMeshPro: Style Sheets docs.

How do I animate wavy text, like in Night In The Woods?

Yarn Spinner doesn't handle text rendering. You'll need a separate wavy text system, like Text Animator.

How do I use Yarn Markup?

Markup lets you mark a range of text (words, phrases) in a generic way, for whatever use. You could use it to style text, add sentence markers, make clickable words, etc.

// Yarn script example of custom "wavy text" markup.
Oh, [wave]hello[/wave] there!

// After compiling, text will look like: "Oh, hello there!"
// And then the resulting markup data will look like:
// - name: "wave"
// - position: 4
// - length: 5

Note that YS only processes the text data. You must still code the actual markup effect yourself. See Markup.

Variables

How do I print the value of a variable in dialogue?

Wrap the variable (or any expression) in curly braces ({, }) to evaluate and output it. For more info, see Variables.

<<set $variableName to "a string value">>
The value of variableName is {$variableName}.
// This will appear as "The value of variableName is a string value."

How do I read / write Yarn variables from a C# script?

To read Yarn variables from C#, use VariableStorageBehaviour.TryGetValue<T>(). To write Yarn variables from C#, use VariableStorageBehaviour.SetValue().

variableStorage = GameObject.FindObjectOfType<InMemoryVariableStorage>();
float testVariable;
variableStorage.TryGetValue("$testVariable", out testVariable);
variableStorage.SetValue("$testVariable", testVariable + 1);

How do I read / write C# variables from a Yarn script?

To read and write C# variables from Yarn, you must first code Yarn Functions and Commands in C#.

static int myNumber = 10;

// note: all Yarn Functions must be static
[YarnFunction("getMyNumber")]
public static int GetMyNumber() { 
    return myNumber; 
}

// Yarb Commands can be static or non-static
[YarnCommand("setMyNumber")]
public static void SetMyNumber(int newNumber) { 
    myNumber = newNumber;
}

Then call the functions and commands in Yarn:

My number is { getMyNumber() }!
<<setMyNumber 999>>
But now it's { getMyNumber() }!

How do I 'sync' variables between Yarn and C#?

See the previous answers on working with variables. But we recommend avoiding any "sync" pattern, because then you'll have to track and maintain the same data in two different places. Programmers usually prefer a "single source of truth". Data should live in only one place. Variables should either live in Yarn or live in C#, and not in both.

How do I load and save data / variables / dialogue state? (Like for a save game system)

To save the current node, save the value of DialogueRunner.CurrentNodeName somewhere, e.g. to Unity's PlayerPrefs. Then to restore it, call DialogueRunner.StartDialogue() and pass in the saved node name.

To save variables, see DialogueRunner.SaveStateToPlayerPrefs(). Then to load variables, call DialogueRunner.LoadStateFromPlayerPrefs(). These methods use Unity's built-in JSON utility to serialize a dictionary of variables to Unity's PlayerPrefs.

For custom save systems, create your own variable storage by subclassing VariableStorageBehaviour and implementing its methods. Study InMemoryVariableStorage.cs as an example. For more info, see Guide: Yarn Variables and Variable Storage.

It is not currently possible to save or restore the specific line that the dialogue is running.

Control flow

How do I jump to a specific node? How do I switch nodes while dialogue is running?

To jump to a node from Yarn, use <<jump (nodeName)>>. See Nodes, Lines, and Options.

To jump to a node with C#, just call DialogueRunner.StartDialogue(), even if there's already dialogue running.

How do I jump to a specific line in a node?

Jumping to a specific line in a node is currently not supported. Instead, jump to the start of a node.

Interaction / UI

How do I continue dialogue with key/button press instead of clicking the continue button?

In most cases, use the Dialogue Advance Input.

For more control, call UserRequestedViewAdvancement() on a Dialogue View, or OnContinuedClicked() on a Line View. See Creating Custom Dialogue Views.

How do I show the last line of text when options are shown? How do I skip the last line of text before a set of options?

Yarn Spinner automatically adds a #lastline tag to a line when the next step is a set of options. Create a Custom Dialogue View that uses YarnProject.lineMetadata.GetMetadata() to check for "lastline" and perform the behavior you want.

How do I show the character name / portrait? How do I customize dialogue display?

To display anything in Yarn Spinner, use a Dialogue View component. Line View for dialogue, Options List View for choices.

Most projects will need custom views. We recommend a modular architecture where each UI element has its own LineView component. For example, a nameplate bubble has a Dialogue Character Name View that displays LocalizedLine.CharacterName, while the dialogue text window is another Line View that displays LocalizedLine.TextWithoutCharacterName. See Creating Custom Dialogue Views.

For a working example, see the "Visual Novel" sample. (In Unity, go to Window > Package Manager, and select Yarn Spinner package. Expand the "Samples" dropdown and select "Visual Novel" and import it.) Specifically, see VNManager.cs which inherits from DialogueViewBase, and changes the character name window background color (among other effects) based on the character name.

How do I make the Line View's Typewriter effect pause on punctuation?

Create a custom dialogue view with a custom effect based on Typewriter() (see Effects.cs) to detect the next text character and pause accordingly.

// in your custom Typewriter effect, replace the "while (accumulator >= secondsPerLetter)..." block with this one:
while (accumulator >= secondsPerLetter) {
   text.maxVisibleCharacters += 1;
   onCharacterTyped?.Invoke();
   accumulator -= secondsPerLetter;

   // Don't pause on the last character
   if (text.maxVisibleCharacters >= characterCount) continue;

   // Extra pause on punctuation
   var nextChar = text.text[text.maxVisibleCharacters - 1];
   if (nextChar.Equals('.') || nextChar.Equals(',') || nextChar.Equals('?') || nextChar.Equals('!')) {
       yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.3f);
   }

   accumulator += Time.deltaTime;
   yield return null;
}

How do I play a Yarn node when I click / tap on an object?

Write input code to detect clicking / tapping, then call DialogueRunner.StartDialogue().

The example tutorial NPC Dialogue Game can walk you through this step-by-step.

How do I play a Yarn node when I approach an object and press a button? (RPG-like talking to NPCs)

This implementation will vary for every game, so we purposely do not attempt to design a one-size-fits-all generic NPC system. Here's some example pseudo-code to make your own:

if (player presses SPACE)
    then find the nearest NPC
    get that NPC's dialogue node name
    call DialogueRunner.StartDialogue() with the NPC's dialogue node
    disable player movement

For a working example, see the "Space" sample. (In Unity, go to Window > Package Manager, and select Yarn Spinner package. Expand the "Samples" dropdown and select "Space" and import it.) Specifically, see PlayerCharacter.cs for how to search for nearby NPCs from a list.

How do I position a speech bubble above an NPC's head, like in A Short Hike?

The math / code is a little complicated. Calculate the NPC's on-screen position, then convert this screen position to UI canvas space, and reposition the dialogue bubble.

For a working example, see the "3D" sample. (In Unity, go to Window > Package Manager, and select Yarn Spinner package. Expand the "Samples" dropdown and select "3D" and import it.) Specfically, see YarnCharacterView.cs which has a method WorldToAnchoredPosition() that does a lot of this UI positioning math.

How do I implement a resizing dialogue bubble / SMS messaging interface?

This is more about Unity UI rather than Yarn Spinner. For a working example, see the "Phone Chat" sample. (In Unity, go to Window > Package Manager, and select Yarn Spinner package. Expand the "Samples" dropdown and select "Phone Chat" and import it.)

To make a resizing dialogue bubble that automatically fits text, you will need a complex UI setup. Study the UI game objects and components in the sample scene. For more context about how it works, see this Unity UI Layout Groups explainer by Hallgrim Games.

How do I get text from a Text Input field into my Yarn story?

This mainly involves Unity UI, and assumes that your project already has a system where a player can input text like a TMPro Input Field component. If the player input needs to happen in the middle of dialogue execution then you can trigger it with a Yarn Command, using a coroutine to wait for the player input if needed.

Once you have the player input value, you can store it in a C# variable and access it through a Yarn function, or store that value in a Yarn story variable. FAQs for how to access variables in Yarn and YarnSpinner are here.

System

How do I generate a Yarn Project at runtime? How do I load/compile Yarn scripts at runtime?

The intended workflow is to generate and compile Yarn Projects at editor time, not runtime. See Yarn Projects.

How many Yarn files should I have? Can my entire game be in one project or script? Or one project per scene? Is my project or file too big?

There is no real technical limit on the number of Yarn scripts or the size of Yarn Projects. You decide how to organize your data, and every project has different needs. Some factors to consider:

• Simplicity. Putting everything into one big script file or one big project file is simpler sometimes.

• Ease of writing. Writers may prefer to think in terms of one file per scene, one file per chapter.

• Localization. 1 Yarn Project = 1 CSV spreadsheet per language. When translating, it is usually easier to work with fewer files, rather than fragmenting the translation across many files. As a workaround for games that need multiple Yarn Projects, you may prefer to create a single editor-only Yarn Project that's just for generating string files and translations. See Localizations and Assets.

I'm seeing crashes on startup in my WebGL / iOS / Android / IL2CPP project.

A crash bug exists in versions of Yarn Spinner earlier than 2.3 for these platforms. If you're able to upgrade your version of Yarn Spinner, the best fix is to upgrade to the most recent version of Yarn Spinner.

If you can't upgrade your version of Yarn Spinner, a workaround for this issue is to open the Build Settings window in Unity, and set the "IL2CPP Code Generation" setting to "Faster (smaller) builds."

Localization

How do I fetch any Yarn localized string in C#?

Some devs use YS to manage all in-game localized text, like UI strings. This use isn't intended, but it's possible. Manually create a Yarn.Line struct, set the line ID (see Localization), and then pass the struct into GetLocalizedLine().

Yarn.Line targetLine = new Yarn.Line();
targetLine.ID = "line:lineid"; // replace 'lineid' with the actual line ID
LocalizedLine outputLine = LineProvider.GetLocalizedLine(targetLine);
Debug.Log(outputLine.Text.Text);

Other

How do I credit Yarn Spinner in my game?

Please visit the Crediting Yarn Spinner page for more information. Thanks for thinking of us!